{"id":54631,"date":"2025-11-29T17:43:39","date_gmt":"2025-11-29T16:43:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/?page_id=54631"},"modified":"2026-08-17T16:24:41","modified_gmt":"2026-08-17T14:24:41","slug":"soyuz","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/es\/soyuz\/","title":{"rendered":"Soyuz"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"54631\" class=\"elementor elementor-54631\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-slcs0464 slc-breadcrumb-section elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"slcs0464\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-slcc72c0 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"slcc72c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-slcbae82 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"slcbae82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"slc-menu-breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\"><ol><li><a class=\"slc-crumb slc-crumb--home\" href=\"\/\" aria-label=\"Go to Home\"><svg class=\"slc-home-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3.5 10.8 12 3.9l8.5 6.9\"><\/path><path d=\"M5.8 9.7v9.5h12.4V9.7\"><\/path><path d=\"M9.5 19.2v-5.8h5v5.8\"><\/path><\/svg><span>Home<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"slc-sep\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\"><path d=\"m6 3.5 4.5 4.5L6 12.5\"><\/path><\/svg><\/li><li><span class=\"slc-crumb slc-crumb--group\">Conquest of Space<\/span><\/li><li class=\"slc-sep\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\"><path d=\"m6 3.5 4.5 4.5L6 12.5\"><\/path><\/svg><\/li><li><a class=\"slc-crumb slc-crumb--link\" href=\"\/spaceships\/\">Spaceships<\/a><\/li><li class=\"slc-sep\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\"><path d=\"m6 3.5 4.5 4.5L6 12.5\"><\/path><\/svg><\/li><li><span class=\"slc-crumb slc-crumb--current\" aria-current=\"page\">Soyuz<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/nav><style>\n.slc-breadcrumb-section,\nbody .elementor > .elementor-top-section.slc-breadcrumb-section{display:block!important;grid-column:1\/-1!important;counter-increment:none!important;width:100%!important;max-width:none!important;min-height:0!important;margin:0 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rgba(0,0,0,.22)!important;overflow:hidden!important}\nbody.page-id-54631 .page_content_wrap .elementor-54631>.elementor-top-section:not(.slc-breadcrumb-section)>.elementor-container{width:100%!important;max-width:none!important;min-height:0!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}\nbody.page-id-54631 .page_content_wrap .elementor-54631>.elementor-top-section:not(.slc-breadcrumb-section)>.elementor-container>.elementor-column{width:100%!important;min-height:0!important;background:transparent!important}\nbody.page-id-54631 .page_content_wrap .elementor-54631>.elementor-top-section:not(.slc-breadcrumb-section)>.elementor-container>.elementor-column>.elementor-widget-wrap{min-height:0!important;align-content:flex-start!important;padding:0!important;background:transparent!important}\nbody.page-id-54631 .page_content_wrap .elementor-54631>.elementor-top-section:not(.slc-breadcrumb-section):has(.elementor-widget-text-editor) .elementor-widget-wrap{padding:0!important}\nhtml 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0!important}\nbody.page-id-54631 .page_content_wrap .elementor-54631 .sc_button{border-radius:999px!important;background:#fff!important;color:#07101d!important;box-shadow:none!important}\nbody.page-id-54631 .page_content_wrap .elementor-54631>.elementor-top-section:not(.slc-breadcrumb-section):last-child{margin-bottom:0!important}\nhtml body.page-id-54631 .elementor-54631>.slc-breadcrumb-section{margin:0!important}\nbody.page-id-54631 .slc-menu-breadcrumbs{margin-top:28px!important;margin-bottom:28px!important}\nbody.page-id-54631 .slc-menu-breadcrumbs ol{border-color:rgba(154,176,218,.2)!important;background:rgba(12,21,36,.93)!important;box-shadow:0 16px 46px rgba(0,0,0,.24)!important}\nbody.page-id-54631 .slc-menu-breadcrumbs .slc-crumb--home{background:rgba(255,255,255,.065)!important;color:#fff!important}\nbody.page-id-54631 .slc-menu-breadcrumbs .slc-crumb--group{color:#91a0b7!important}\nbody.page-id-54631 .slc-menu-breadcrumbs .slc-crumb--link{color:#c7d2e5!important}\nbody.page-id-54631 .slc-menu-breadcrumbs .slc-crumb--current{background:#f5f7ff!important;color:#091426!important;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.22)!important}\n@media(max-width:767px){body.page-id-54631 .page_content_wrap .elementor-54631{width:calc(100% - 24px)!important;padding-bottom:70px!important}body.page-id-54631 .page_content_wrap .elementor-54631>.elementor-top-section:not(.slc-breadcrumb-section){margin-bottom:14px!important;border-radius:19px!important}html body.page-id-54631 .page_content_wrap .elementor-54631>.elementor-top-section:not(.slc-breadcrumb-section):has(.elementor-widget-text-editor) .elementor-widget-text-editor{padding:25px 21px!important}body.page-id-54631 .page_content_wrap .elementor-54631 .elementor-widget-image img{height:clamp(240px,72vw,390px)!important}body.page-id-54631 .slc-menu-breadcrumbs{margin-top:18px!important;margin-bottom:18px!important}}\n<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-be57438 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"be57438\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7eb09bc sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"7eb09bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e18cff sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1e18cff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"737\" src=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/start.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-54633\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/start.jpeg 960w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/start-300x230.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/start-768x590.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/start-370x284.jpeg 370w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/start-840x645.jpeg 840w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/start-410x315.jpeg 410w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/start-730x560.jpeg 730w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-231183a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"231183a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d21a6f9 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"d21a6f9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f959c72 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f959c72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Soyuz \u2013 a series of Soviet and later Russian spacecraft. The program was initiated in the early 1960s as part of the Soviet lunar landing program. The program includes both the capsule and the launch vehicle, both named \u201cSoyuz\u201d. It should be noted that the name Soyuz Program strictly speaking refers only to the first capsule flights aimed at preparing for lunar missions. From the Soyuz 11 mission onward, flights were carried out under other programs \u2013 Almaz, Salyut, Mir and ISS.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-180e06a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"180e06a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c5c96b3 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"c5c96b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9da843 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f9da843\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/soyuz-1-1024x658.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-54634\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/soyuz-1-1024x658.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/soyuz-1-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/soyuz-1-768x493.jpg 768w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/soyuz-1-370x238.jpg 370w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/soyuz-1-840x540.jpg 840w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/soyuz-1-410x263.jpg 410w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/soyuz-1-730x469.jpg 730w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/soyuz-1.jpg 1169w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-56f7035 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"56f7035\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cc0ce7b sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"cc0ce7b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04bb112 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"04bb112\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">The lunar landing was abandoned when mounting technical problems made it obvious that the Americans would reach it first. However, Soyuz survived the end of Soviet dreams of the Moon and developed into a series of civilian and military vehicles, used mainly in conjunction with space stations. Soyuz capsules have been produced for almost 50 years \u2013 during this time more than 240 vehicles have been built (pplx:\/\/action\/translate). The Soyuz spacecraft have proved to be the most long-lived crewed spacecraft in history. They owe their longevity, among other things, to the ease of modification, modernization and adaptation to a variety of missions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-37f1a17 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"37f1a17\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a984944 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"a984944\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4266863 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4266863\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"719\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sojuz-3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-54635\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sojuz-3.jpg 719w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sojuz-3-300x250.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sojuz-3-370x309.jpg 370w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sojuz-3-410x342.jpg 410w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 719px) 100vw, 719px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6008e13 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"6008e13\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f196e3 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"7f196e3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7699b7 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7699b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><span class=\"group-hover\/language-learning:border-foreground border-subtle cursor-pointer hyphens-auto break-words border-b-2 border-dotted outline-none transition-colors duration-200 ease-out font-sans text-base font-medium text-foreground selection:bg-super\/50 selection:text-foreground dark:selection:bg-super\/10 dark:selection:text-super\">The primary design objective was to minimize the total mass of the vehicle. To this end, it was decided above all to reduce the mass of the landing module to an absolute minimum. This goal was achieved in two ways. First, all systems not needed during atmospheric reentry and landing were placed in a separate, jettisonable orbital module, connected to the landing module by a hatch. Every kilogram of mass saved in this way subtracts as much as two kilograms from the total mass of the vehicle \u2013 the orbital module does not need to be protected by a heavy heat shield or equipped with braking parachutes. Second, the landing module was to have a shape with the best possible surface-to-volume ratio \u2013 a sphere or a shape as close to a sphere as possible. In the end, a hemisphere capped with a cone was chosen, which joined it to a hemispherical heat shield.<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><span class=\"group-hover\/language-learning:border-foreground border-subtle cursor-pointer hyphens-auto break-words border-b-2 border-dotted outline-none transition-colors duration-200 ease-out font-sans text-base font-medium text-foreground selection:bg-super\/50 selection:text-foreground dark:selection:bg-super\/10 dark:selection:text-super\">Generations of capsules<\/span><\/h3><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><span class=\"group-hover\/language-learning:border-foreground border-subtle cursor-pointer hyphens-auto break-words border-b-2 border-dotted outline-none transition-colors duration-200 ease-out font-sans text-base font-medium text-foreground selection:bg-super\/50 selection:text-foreground dark:selection:bg-super\/10 dark:selection:text-super\">Soyuz capsules have undergone many modifications over their history and can be divided into several generations. Soyuz vehicles numbered from 1 to 11 (1967\u20131971) were the first generation \u2013 they carried a three-person crew without spacesuits. They had characteristically curved solar panels and used the Igla automatic docking system, which required the use of radar antennas. This generation included both the original Soyuz capsules and capsules adapted for docking with the orbital stations of the Salyut program. The first 9 units of this generation were not equipped with an internal airlock, and the crew\u2019s transfer to the station required carrying out a spacewalk.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5540ef6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"5540ef6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8ff62a4 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"8ff62a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e49454 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7e49454\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/salut.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-54636\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/salut.jpg 600w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/salut-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/salut-370x247.jpg 370w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/salut-410x273.jpg 410w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-601abbb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"601abbb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-85ca502 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"85ca502\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc7ff27 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc7ff27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"border-subtlest ring-subtlest divide-subtlest bg-transparent\"><div class=\"gap-y-md flex flex-col\"><div class=\"relative font-sans text-base text-foreground selection:bg-super\/50 selection:text-foreground dark:selection:bg-super\/10 dark:selection:text-super\"><div class=\"min-w-0 break-words [word-break:break-word]\"><div id=\"markdown-content-5\" class=\"gap-y-md after:clear-both after:block after:content-['']\" dir=\"auto\"><div class=\"my-2 first:mt-0 [&amp;:has([data-inline-type=image])+&amp;:has([data-inline-type=image])_[data-inline-type=image]]:hidden [&amp;:has(table)_[data-inline-type=image]]:hidden [&amp;_h1:first-of-type]:mt-8 [&amp;_h2:first-of-type]:mt-6\"><div class=\"relative\"><div class=\"prose dark:prose-invert inline leading-relaxed break-words min-w-0 [word-break:break-word] prose-strong:font-medium [&amp;_&gt;*:first-child]:mt-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><span class=\"group\/language-learning cursor-pointer\"><span class=\"group-hover\/language-learning:border-foreground border-subtle cursor-pointer hyphens-auto break-words border-b-2 border-dotted outline-none transition-colors duration-200 ease-out font-sans text-base font-medium text-foreground selection:bg-super\/50 selection:text-foreground dark:selection:bg-super\/10 dark:selection:text-super\">The second generation, comprising vehicles numbered from 12 to 40 (1973\u20131981), was used exclusively for transporting crews to the space station. The vehicles were devoid of solar panels, instead using batteries. The two-person crew wore spacesuits throughout the entire flight.<br \/>The third generation consisted of Soyuz-T class vehicles (1976\u20131986). They used newly designed, flat solar panels and once again could carry a three-person crew, in spacesuits. The vehicle used in the Soyuz-Apollo program was a prototype of the third generation of Soyuz spacecraft.<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a723dbf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"a723dbf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a3a9cc sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"3a3a9cc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ae17f6 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2ae17f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"678\" src=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sojuz-T-1024x678.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-54638\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sojuz-T-1024x678.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sojuz-T-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sojuz-T-768x509.jpg 768w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sojuz-T-1536x1017.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sojuz-T-2048x1356.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sojuz-T-370x245.jpg 370w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sojuz-T-840x556.jpg 840w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sojuz-T-410x272.jpg 410w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sojuz-T-730x483.jpg 730w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fa5dee7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"fa5dee7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5af1a6a sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"5af1a6a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b050502 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b050502\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">Soyuz-TM constituted the fourth generation of the spacecraft (1986\u20132003) and was used mainly to transport crews to the Mir space station. They were equipped with a new automatic docking system, Kurs. Soyuz-TMA (2003\u20132012) and its improved version Soyuz-TMA-M (2010\u20132016) were designs developed as crew transport and lifeboat capsules for the International Space Station (ISS). They were fitted with new onboard computer displays, new parachutes, and many minor improvements. Soyuz-MS (from 2016) is probably the final version of the vehicle and is intended for servicing the ISS. The first flight (Soyuz MS-01) took place in July 2016.<br \/>Modifications and derivatives<br \/>The Soyuz capsule formed the basis for many vehicles, many of which never entered service. In its earliest form, the capsule was intended to be capable of a journey to the Moon without the need for an enormous launch vehicle such as Saturn V or the Soviet N1, instead performing a series of docking maneuvers with upper stages of the Soyuz launch vehicle left earlier in orbit and using their fuel for acceleration. Another development program was the Zond vehicle, which was to allow two cosmonauts to perform a circumlunar flyby. Several military variants were also planned \u2013 including \u201cdestroyers\u201d \u2013 but these projects were never realized.<\/p><ul class=\"marker:text-quiet list-disc\"><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">Soyuz P and Soyuz PPK \u2013 \u201cfighter\u201d variants intended to inspect and, if necessary, destroy enemy satellites \u2013 the projects were abandoned when the USSR successfully tested the unmanned killer satellites Polot 1 and Polot 2.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">Soyuz R \u2013 a reconnaissance and command vehicle consisting of two Soyuz spacecraft: a component remaining permanently in orbit, built on the basis of a Soyuz in which the descent and orbital modules were replaced by an instrumentation section, and a transport module equipped with a docking ring that delivered the crew to orbit \u2013 the project was cancelled and replaced by the Almaz project.<\/p><p><strong>The most successful derivative program of Soyuz is the series of uncrewed cargo vehicles Progress, which use the navigation and automatic docking system from the Soyuz capsule but do not include a crew module.<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1a3764d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"1a3764d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-401f7f5 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"401f7f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aff6f3e sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"aff6f3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"506\" src=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Progres.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-54639\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Progres.jpg 900w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Progres-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Progres-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Progres-370x208.jpg 370w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Progres-840x472.jpg 840w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Progres-410x231.jpg 410w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Progres-730x410.jpg 730w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Progres-270x152.jpg 270w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c66c2eb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"c66c2eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f633940 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"f633940\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbd7f5d sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dbd7f5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"group-hover\/language-learning:border-foreground border-subtle cursor-pointer hyphens-auto break-words border-b-2 border-dotted outline-none transition-colors duration-200 ease-out font-sans text-base font-medium text-foreground selection:bg-super\/50 selection:text-foreground dark:selection:bg-super\/10 dark:selection:text-super\">Launch vehicle<\/span><\/h3><p><span class=\"group-hover\/language-learning:border-foreground border-subtle cursor-pointer hyphens-auto break-words border-b-2 border-dotted outline-none transition-colors duration-200 ease-out font-sans text-base font-medium text-foreground selection:bg-super\/50 selection:text-foreground dark:selection:bg-super\/10 dark:selection:text-super\">The Soyuz-2 launch vehicle currently in service is a direct development of the R-7 rocket, the world\u2019s first intercontinental ballistic missile. The rocket consists of four jettisonable boosters, which in Russian terminology form its first stage, and a two-stage central core. Various versions of the Soyuz rockets have been in service in the Soviet Union and Russia for over 40 years, and under an agreement between Russia and the European Space Agency, Soyuz-2 began flights from the European spaceport in French Guiana in 2011. By the year 2000, a total of 1,628 rockets of all R-7 variants had been launched, with a reliability rate of 97.5%. R-7 \/ Soyuz is therefore the most widely used and one of the most successful rockets in history.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c20d8b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"c20d8b2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-da7c62b sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"da7c62b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-630f9cf sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"630f9cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"440\" height=\"645\" src=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sojuz-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-54640\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sojuz-2.jpg 440w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sojuz-2-205x300.jpg 205w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sojuz-2-370x542.jpg 370w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sojuz-2-410x601.jpg 410w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 440px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-83d091f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"83d091f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3858a2d sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"3858a2d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a8675a sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a8675a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><span class=\"group-hover\/language-learning:border-foreground border-subtle cursor-pointer hyphens-auto break-words border-b-2 border-dotted outline-none transition-colors duration-200 ease-out font-sans text-base font-medium text-foreground selection:bg-super\/50 selection:text-foreground dark:selection:bg-super\/10 dark:selection:text-super\">Present and future<\/span><\/h3><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><span class=\"group-hover\/language-learning:border-foreground border-subtle cursor-pointer hyphens-auto break-words border-b-2 border-dotted outline-none transition-colors duration-200 ease-out font-sans text-base font-medium text-foreground selection:bg-super\/50 selection:text-foreground dark:selection:bg-super\/10 dark:selection:text-super\">At present, Soyuz vehicles form the backbone of the Russian space program. After the disaster of the American Space Shuttle Columbia and the final flight of the shuttle Atlantis, they became the only means of transporting crews to the International Space Station. Only in 2020 did they gain competition in the form of Crew Dragon spacecraft.<br \/>In August 2005, Space Adventures, a company specializing in organizing space tourism, announced plans to restore Soyuz to its original role and use a modified capsule for circumlunar tourist flights.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd836ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"fd836ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4c85545 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"4c85545\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c116b6e sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-trx_sc_button\" data-id=\"c116b6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"trx_sc_button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div\tclass=\"sc_item_button sc_button_wrap\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/spaceships\/\" class=\"sc_button sc_button_default sc_button_size_normal sc_button_with_icon sc_button_icon_left\" ><span class=\"sc_button_icon\"><span class=\"icon-reply\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"sc_button_text\"><span class=\"sc_button_title\">Spaceships<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Soyuz \u2013 a series of Soviet and later Russian spacecraft. The program was initiated in the early 1960s as part of the Soviet lunar landing program. The program includes both&hellip;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-54631","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Soyuz - Space Lovers Club<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/es\/soyuz\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Soyuz - Space Lovers Club\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Soyuz \u2013 a series of Soviet and later Russian spacecraft. 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