{"id":54144,"date":"2025-10-20T13:06:10","date_gmt":"2025-10-20T11:06:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/?page_id=54144"},"modified":"2025-10-20T13:17:34","modified_gmt":"2025-10-20T11:17:34","slug":"alan-shepard","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/pl\/alan-shepard\/","title":{"rendered":"Alan Shepard"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Alan Bartlett Shepard Jr. (18 listopada 1923 - 21 lipca 1998) by\u0142 ameryka\u0144skim astronaut\u0105, lotnikiem marynarki wojennej, pilotem testowym i biznesmenem. W 1961 roku zosta\u0142 pierwszym Amerykaninem, kt\u00f3ry odby\u0142 podr\u00f3\u017c w kosmos, a w 1971 roku spacerowa\u0142 po Ksi\u0119\u017cycu.<\/p>

Absolwent Akademii Marynarki Wojennej Stan\u00f3w Zjednoczonych w Annapolis, Shepard bra\u0142 udzia\u0142 w dzia\u0142aniach marynarki nawodnej podczas II wojny \u015bwiatowej. W 1946 r. zosta\u0142 lotnikiem marynarki wojennej, a w 1950 r. pilotem testowym. W 1959 r. zosta\u0142 wybrany na jednego z astronaut\u00f3w NASA Mercury Seven, a w maju 1961 r. odby\u0142 pierwszy za\u0142ogowy lot w ramach Projektu Mercury, Mercury-Redstone 3, w statku kosmicznym, kt\u00f3ry nazwa\u0142 Freedom 7. Jego statek polecia\u0142 w kosmos, ale nie by\u0142 w stanie osi\u0105gn\u0105\u0107 orbity. Sta\u0142 si\u0119 drug\u0105 osob\u0105 i pierwszym Amerykaninem, kt\u00f3ry podr\u00f3\u017cowa\u0142 w kosmos, a tak\u017ce pierwszym podr\u00f3\u017cnikiem kosmicznym, kt\u00f3ry r\u0119cznie kontrolowa\u0142 orientacj\u0119 swojego statku. Na ko\u0144cowych etapach Projektu Mercury, Shepard mia\u0142 pilotowa\u0107 statek Mercury-Atlas 10 (MA-10), kt\u00f3ry zosta\u0142 zaplanowany jako trzydniowa misja. Na cze\u015b\u0107 swojego pierwszego statku kosmicznego nazwa\u0142 go Mercury Spacecraft 15B Freedom 7 II, ale misja zosta\u0142a odwo\u0142ana.<\/p>

Shepard zosta\u0142 wyznaczony na dow\u00f3dc\u0119 pierwszej za\u0142ogowej misji Projektu Gemini, ale zosta\u0142 uziemiony w 1963 roku z powodu choroby M\u00e9niere'a, dolegliwo\u015bci ucha wewn\u0119trznego, kt\u00f3ra powodowa\u0142a epizody ekstremalnych zawrot\u00f3w g\u0142owy i nudno\u015bci. Choroba ta zosta\u0142a skorygowana chirurgicznie w 1969 r., a w 1971 r. Shepard dowodzi\u0142 misj\u0105 Apollo 14, pilotuj\u0105c modu\u0142 ksi\u0119\u017cycowy Apollo Antares. W wieku 47 lat sta\u0142 si\u0119 pi\u0105t\u0105, najstarsz\u0105 i najwcze\u015bniej urodzon\u0105 osob\u0105, kt\u00f3ra chodzi\u0142a po Ksi\u0119\u017cycu, a tak\u017ce jedynym astronaut\u0105 Mercury Seven, kt\u00f3ry tego dokona\u0142. Podczas misji uderzy\u0142 dwie pi\u0142ki golfowe w powierzchni\u0119 Ksi\u0119\u017cyca.<\/p>

Shepard by\u0142 szefem Biura Astronaut\u00f3w od listopada 1963 roku do lipca 1969 roku (przybli\u017cony okres jego uziemienia) oraz od czerwca 1971 roku do przej\u015bcia na emerytur\u0119 z Marynarki Wojennej Stan\u00f3w Zjednoczonych i NASA 1 sierpnia 1974 roku. Zosta\u0142 awansowany na stopie\u0144 admira\u0142a 25 sierpnia 1971 roku, jako pierwszy astronauta, kt\u00f3ry osi\u0105gn\u0105\u0142 ten stopie\u0144.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/span>Ludzie w kosmosie<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alan Bartlett Shepard Jr. (November 18, 1923 \u2013 July 21, 1998) was an American astronaut, naval aviator, test pilot, and businessman. 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