{"id":54569,"date":"2025-11-20T15:13:17","date_gmt":"2025-11-20T14:13:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/?page_id=54569"},"modified":"2025-11-20T15:13:50","modified_gmt":"2025-11-20T14:13:50","slug":"james-lovell","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/pl\/james-lovell\/","title":{"rendered":"James Lovell"},"content":{"rendered":"
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James Arthur Lovell Jr. (ur. 25 marca 1928 r. w Cleveland, Ohio; zm. 7 sierpnia 2025 r. w Lake Forest, Illinois) by\u0142 ameryka\u0144skim astronaut\u0105, pilotem i dow\u00f3dc\u0105 Marynarki Wojennej Stan\u00f3w Zjednoczonych, najbardziej znanym jako dow\u00f3dca misji Apollo 13 i jeden z najbardziej do\u015bwiadczonych astronaut\u00f3w program\u00f3w Gemini i Apollo.<\/p>

W 1946 roku uko\u0144czy\u0142 szko\u0142\u0119 \u015bredni\u0105 w Milwaukee w stanie Wisconsin, a nast\u0119pnie przez dwa lata studiowa\u0142 na Uniwersytecie Wisconsin, po czym przeni\u00f3s\u0142 si\u0119 do Akademii Marynarki Wojennej Stan\u00f3w Zjednoczonych, kt\u00f3r\u0105 uko\u0144czy\u0142 w 1952 roku z tytu\u0142em licencjata nauk \u015bcis\u0142ych. S\u0142u\u017cy\u0142 jako lotnik marynarki wojennej, a nast\u0119pnie ucz\u0119szcza\u0142 do Szko\u0142y Pilot\u00f3w Testowych Marynarki Wojennej Stan\u00f3w Zjednoczonych w Patuxent River w stanie Maryland, gdzie w latach 1958-1962 by\u0142 pilotem testowym odpowiedzialnym za program F4H Phantom. W 1971 roku uko\u0144czy\u0142 r\u00f3wnie\u017c studia w Harvard Business School, a nast\u0119pnie s\u0142u\u017cy\u0142 jako pilot instruktor i in\u017cynier bezpiecze\u0144stwa w Fighter Squadron 101 na Naval Air Station Oceana w Wirginii, opuszczaj\u0105c Marynark\u0119 Wojenn\u0105 Stan\u00f3w Zjednoczonych w marcu 1973 roku.<\/p>

Wybrany na astronaut\u0119 w 1962 roku (po tym, jak niewiele brakowa\u0142o, by zosta\u0142 wybrany w pierwotnej selekcji Mercury Seven w 1959 roku), Lovell po raz pierwszy polecia\u0142 jako pilot Gemini 7 z dow\u00f3dc\u0105 Frankiem Bormanem na prawie 14-dniow\u0105 misj\u0119 wytrzyma\u0142o\u015bciow\u0105, kt\u00f3ra ustanowi\u0142a rekord czasu trwania lotu kosmicznego cz\u0142owieka i obejmowa\u0142a bliskie spotkanie z Gemini 6A. P\u00f3\u017aniej dowodzi\u0142 Gemini 12 z Buzzem Aldrinem jako pilotem, ostatni\u0105 misj\u0105 Gemini, kt\u00f3ra z powodzeniem zademonstrowa\u0142a ulepszone techniki spacer\u00f3w kosmicznych i operacji orbitalnych.<\/p>

W programie Apollo Lovell s\u0142u\u017cy\u0142 w za\u0142odze zapasowej wczesnych misji, a nast\u0119pnie zosta\u0142 przydzielony jako pilot modu\u0142u dowodzenia Apollo 8, pierwszego za\u0142ogowego lotu na orbit\u0119 Ksi\u0119\u017cyca w grudniu 1968 roku, lec\u0105c z dow\u00f3dc\u0105 Frankiem Bormanem i pilotem modu\u0142u ksi\u0119\u017cycowego Williamem Andersem i okr\u0105\u017caj\u0105c Ksi\u0119\u017cyc dziesi\u0119\u0107 razy przed bezpiecznym powrotem na Ziemi\u0119. Nast\u0119pnie dowodzi\u0142 Apollo 13 w kwietniu 1970 roku, kt\u00f3ry mia\u0142 by\u0107 trzecim l\u0105dowaniem na Ksi\u0119\u017cycu; po eksplozji zbiornika tlenu w module serwisowym zmusi\u0142 za\u0142og\u0119 do przerwania l\u0105dowania, Lovell, Jack Swigert i Fred Haise wykorzystali modu\u0142 ksi\u0119\u017cycowy jako \u0142\u00f3d\u017a ratunkow\u0105 i wykonali trajektori\u0119 swobodnego powrotu wok\u00f3\u0142 Ksi\u0119\u017cyca, aby bezpiecznie dotrze\u0107 na Ziemi\u0119, w jednym z najtrudniejszych i najbardziej znanych akcji ratunkowych NASA.<\/p>

Podczas czterech lot\u00f3w kosmicznych - Gemini 7, Gemini 12, Apollo 8 i Apollo 13 - Lovell sp\u0119dzi\u0142 w kosmosie ponad 715 godzin, co by\u0142o swego czasu rekordem, i sta\u0142 si\u0119 jedn\u0105 z zaledwie trzech os\u00f3b, kt\u00f3re dwukrotnie podr\u00f3\u017cowa\u0142y na Ksi\u0119\u017cyc, cho\u0107 w przeciwie\u0144stwie do niekt\u00f3rych koleg\u00f3w nigdy nie chodzi\u0142 po jego powierzchni. Po misji Apollo 13 pe\u0142ni\u0142 funkcj\u0119 zast\u0119pcy dyrektora Centrum Kosmicznego Johnsona, opu\u015bci\u0142 NASA i marynark\u0119 wojenn\u0105 w 1973 roku, by rozpocz\u0105\u0107 karier\u0119 biznesow\u0105, a nast\u0119pnie zosta\u0142 wsp\u00f3\u0142autorem ksi\u0105\u017cki \"Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13\", kt\u00f3ra sta\u0142a si\u0119 podstaw\u0105 filmu \"Apollo 13\", w kt\u00f3rym zagra\u0142 go Tom Hanks.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/span>Ludzie w kosmosie<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

James Arthur Lovell Jr. (born March 25, 1928, in Cleveland, Ohio; died August 7, 2025, in Lake Forest, Illinois) was an American astronaut, U.S. Navy pilot and commander, best known…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-54569","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nJames Lovell - Stargaze<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/pl\/james-lovell\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"James Lovell - Stargaze\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"James Arthur Lovell Jr. (born March 25, 1928, in Cleveland, Ohio; died August 7, 2025, in Lake Forest, Illinois) was an American astronaut, U.S. Navy pilot and commander, best known…\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/pl\/james-lovell\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Stargaze\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-11-20T14:13:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Lovell.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"575\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/james-lovell\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/james-lovell\/\",\"name\":\"James Lovell - 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