{"id":54885,"date":"2026-01-27T15:03:56","date_gmt":"2026-01-27T14:03:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/?page_id=54885"},"modified":"2026-01-27T15:13:40","modified_gmt":"2026-01-27T14:13:40","slug":"columbia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/pl\/columbia\/","title":{"rendered":"Kolumbia"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"54885\" class=\"elementor elementor-54885\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-009742b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"009742b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2351b9a sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"2351b9a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f17041 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f17041\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b data-path-to-node=\"1\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Kolumbia<\/b> - Pierwszy prom kosmiczny NASA, kt\u00f3ry polecia\u0142 w kosmos. Columbia zosta\u0142a nazwana na cze\u015b\u0107 bosto\u0144skiego \u017caglowca Columbia, dowodzonego przez Roberta Graya, pierwszego ameryka\u0144skiego statku, kt\u00f3ry op\u0142yn\u0105\u0142 kul\u0119 ziemsk\u0105 pod koniec XVIII wieku. Nazwa upami\u0119tnia r\u00f3wnie\u017c Columbia, modu\u0142 dowodzenia Apollo 11.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-be57438 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"be57438\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7eb09bc sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"7eb09bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e18cff sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1e18cff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"863\" src=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/columbia-start-1024x863.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-54868\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/columbia-start-1024x863.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/columbia-start-300x253.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/columbia-start-768x647.jpg 768w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/columbia-start-370x312.jpg 370w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/columbia-start-840x708.jpg 840w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/columbia-start-410x345.jpg 410w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/columbia-start-730x615.jpg 730w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/columbia-start.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-231183a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"231183a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d21a6f9 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"d21a6f9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f959c72 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f959c72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Columbia by\u0142a pierwszym wahad\u0142owcem, kt\u00f3ry przeszed\u0142 zaplanowany program inspekcji i modernizacji. W 1991 roku Columbia zosta\u0142a przetransportowana do miejsca swoich \"narodzin\" - hali monta\u017cowej Rockwell w Palmdale w Kalifornii. W poje\u017adzie wprowadzono oko\u0142o pi\u0119\u0107dziesi\u0119ciu ulepsze\u0144, w tym dodano hamulce w\u0119glowe, ulepszone sterowanie ko\u0142em przednim, usuni\u0119to instrumenty u\u017cywane podczas fazy testowania orbitera i ulepszono system ochrony termicznej. Orbiter powr\u00f3ci\u0142 na Floryd\u0119 w lutym 1992 roku.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-180e06a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"180e06a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c5c96b3 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"c5c96b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9da843 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f9da843\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"612\" height=\"408\" src=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/colymbia-5.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-54871\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/colymbia-5.jpg 612w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/colymbia-5-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/colymbia-5-370x247.jpg 370w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/colymbia-5-410x273.jpg 410w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 612px) 100vw, 612px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-56f7035 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"56f7035\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cc0ce7b sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"cc0ce7b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04bb112 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"04bb112\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-path-to-node=\"3\">W 1994 roku Columbia zosta\u0142a przetransportowana do Palmdale na sw\u00f3j pierwszy powa\u017cny przegl\u0105d, znany jako Orbiter Maintenance Down Period (OMDP). Taki gruntowny remont trwa zwykle rok lub d\u0142u\u017cej, po czym w pe\u0142ni sprawny pojazd jest gotowy do u\u017cytku.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-37f1a17 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"37f1a17\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a984944 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"a984944\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4266863 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4266863\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"378\" height=\"370\" src=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/wnetrze.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-54873\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/wnetrze.jpg 378w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/wnetrze-300x294.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/wnetrze-370x362.jpg 370w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 378px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6008e13 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"6008e13\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f196e3 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"7f196e3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7699b7 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7699b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Columbia przesz\u0142a drugi OMDP w 1999 roku, podczas kt\u00f3rego in\u017cynierowie dokonali ponad stu modyfikacji orbitera. Najbardziej znacz\u0105c\u0105 zmian\u0105 by\u0142o wprowadzenie Wielofunkcyjnego Elektronicznego Systemu Wy\u015bwietlania (MEDS) - \"szklanego kokpitu\". MEDS zast\u0105pi\u0142 tradycyjne wska\u017aniki i pokr\u0119t\u0142a ma\u0142ymi, skomputeryzowanymi ekranami. Nowy system poprawi\u0142 interakcj\u0119 za\u0142ogi z orbiterem podczas lotu, a tak\u017ce obni\u017cy\u0142 koszty konserwacji poprzez wyeliminowanie przestarza\u0142ych, z\u0142o\u017conych system\u00f3w elektromechanicznych.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5540ef6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"5540ef6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8ff62a4 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"8ff62a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e49454 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7e49454\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/columbia-4.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-54866\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/columbia-4.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/columbia-4-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/columbia-4-768x494.jpg 768w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/columbia-4-370x238.jpg 370w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/columbia-4-840x540.jpg 840w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/columbia-4-410x263.jpg 410w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/columbia-4-730x469.jpg 730w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-601abbb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"601abbb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-85ca502 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"85ca502\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc7ff27 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc7ff27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">Columbia by\u0142a najci\u0119\u017cszym wahad\u0142owcem NASA i z tego powodu nie mog\u0142a zosta\u0107 wyposa\u017cona w sprz\u0119t umo\u017cliwiaj\u0105cy udzia\u0142 w budowie Mi\u0119dzynarodowej Stacji Kosmicznej i efektywne wykonywanie misji na orbitach o wysokim nachyleniu. Prace w ramach OMDP-2 by\u0142y zatem prowadzone z my\u015bl\u0105 o przysz\u0142ym wykorzystaniu orbitera do misji o ni\u017cszych wymaganiach dotycz\u0105cych masy orbitera, np. serwisowania teleskopu Hubble'a lub wystrzeliwania ci\u0119\u017ckich \u0142adunk\u00f3w na orbit\u0119. Pierwszymi kosmonautami (astronautami) na pok\u0142adzie promu kosmicznego Columbia byli dow\u00f3dca John W. Young i pilot Robert L. Crippen. Wystartowali oni w historycznej pierwszej misji promu kosmicznego (STS-1) 12 kwietnia 1981 roku z Kennedy Space Center na Florydzie, otwieraj\u0105c er\u0119 pojazd\u00f3w wielokrotnego u\u017cytku.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a723dbf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"a723dbf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a3a9cc sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"3a3a9cc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ae17f6 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2ae17f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/zaloga.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-54874\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/zaloga.webp 600w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/zaloga-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/zaloga-370x247.webp 370w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/zaloga-410x273.webp 410w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fa5dee7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"fa5dee7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5af1a6a sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"5af1a6a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b050502 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b050502\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">Prom kosmiczny Columbia wykona\u0142 28 lot\u00f3w, sp\u0119dzi\u0142 w kosmosie 300,74 dni, wykona\u0142 4 808 orbit i przelecia\u0142 \u0142\u0105cznie 201 497 772 km (wliczaj\u0105c ostatni\u0105 misj\u0119). Na pok\u0142adzie Columbii znajdowa\u0142o si\u0119 160 astronaut\u00f3w.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1a3764d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"1a3764d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-401f7f5 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"401f7f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aff6f3e sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"aff6f3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"666\" src=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/crippen-columbia-1024x666.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-54872\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/crippen-columbia-1024x666.webp 1024w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/crippen-columbia-300x195.webp 300w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/crippen-columbia-768x500.webp 768w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/crippen-columbia-1536x999.webp 1536w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/crippen-columbia-370x241.webp 370w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/crippen-columbia-840x546.webp 840w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/crippen-columbia-410x267.webp 410w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/crippen-columbia-730x475.webp 730w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/crippen-columbia.webp 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c66c2eb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"c66c2eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f633940 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"f633940\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbd7f5d sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dbd7f5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">1 lutego 2003 roku, podczas powrotu z kosmosu, wahad\u0142owiec zosta\u0142 zniszczony w wyniku uszkodzenia os\u0142ony termicznej na przedniej kraw\u0119dzi lewego skrzyd\u0142a. Uszkodzenie os\u0142ony nast\u0105pi\u0142o podczas wznoszenia po starcie, spowodowane przez fragment pianki izoluj\u0105cej zbiornik zewn\u0119trzny wahad\u0142owca, kt\u00f3ry oderwa\u0142 si\u0119 od zbiornika i uderzy\u0142 w skrzyd\u0142o orbitera, powoduj\u0105c dziur\u0119 o \u015brednicy oko\u0142o 25 cm, przez kt\u00f3r\u0105 gor\u0105ce gazy mog\u0142y dosta\u0107 si\u0119 podczas lotu przez termosfer\u0119. Podczas ponownego wej\u015bcia w atmosfer\u0119 w ostatnich minutach misji uszkodzenia okaza\u0142y si\u0119 \u015bmiertelnie powa\u017cne - w katastrofie zgin\u0119\u0142a ca\u0142a za\u0142oga sk\u0142adaj\u0105ca si\u0119 z 7 astronaut\u00f3w, w tym pierwszy Izraelczyk na orbicie, p\u0142k Ilan Ramon. Spowodowa\u0142o to zawieszenie dalszych lot\u00f3w prom\u00f3w kosmicznych NASA a\u017c do startu wahad\u0142owca Discovery 26 lipca 2005 roku w misji STS-114.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c20d8b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"c20d8b2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-da7c62b sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"da7c62b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-630f9cf sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"630f9cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"553\" height=\"294\" src=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/columbia-8.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-54867\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/columbia-8.jpg 553w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/columbia-8-300x159.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/columbia-8-370x197.jpg 370w, https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/columbia-8-410x218.jpg 410w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 553px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd836ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"fd836ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4c85545 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"4c85545\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c116b6e sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-trx_sc_button\" data-id=\"c116b6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"trx_sc_button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div\tclass=\"sc_item_button sc_button_wrap\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/pl\/space-shuttles\/\" class=\"sc_button sc_button_default sc_button_size_normal sc_button_with_icon sc_button_icon_left\" ><span class=\"sc_button_icon\"><span class=\"icon-reply\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"sc_button_text\"><span class=\"sc_button_title\">Promy kosmiczne<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Columbia \u2013 NASA&#8217;s first space shuttle to fly into space. Columbia was named after the Boston-based sailing ship Columbia, commanded by Robert Gray, the first American vessel to circumnavigate the&hellip;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-54885","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Columbia - Stargaze<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/pl\/columbia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Columbia - Stargaze\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Columbia \u2013 NASA&#8217;s first space shuttle to fly into space. 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