{"id":54900,"date":"2026-01-27T15:16:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-27T14:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/?page_id=54900"},"modified":"2026-01-27T15:21:59","modified_gmt":"2026-01-27T14:21:59","slug":"challenger","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/spaceloversclub.com\/pl\/challenger\/","title":{"rendered":"Challenger"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Challenger<\/b> (oznaczenie - STA-099<\/i>, OV-099<\/i>) - drugi prom kosmiczny ameryka\u0144skiego programu STS. Pierwszy lot mia\u0142 miejsce 4 kwietnia 1983 roku, podczas misji oznaczonej jako STS-6. Orbiter Challenger zosta\u0142 nazwany na cze\u015b\u0107 brytyjskiego statku badawczego HMS \"Challenger\", kt\u00f3ry p\u0142ywa\u0142 po wodach Atlantyku i Pacyfiku w latach 1872-1876. Nazw\u0119 Challenger nosi\u0142 r\u00f3wnie\u017c modu\u0142 ksi\u0119\u017cycowy LM misji Apollo 17.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Historia i najwa\u017cniejsze fakty:<\/b> W drugiej po\u0142owie 1978 roku rozpocz\u0119\u0142y si\u0119 testy prototypu STA-099, maj\u0105ce na celu ocen\u0119 wytrzyma\u0142o\u015bci konstrukcji orbitera. Testy te zosta\u0142y przeprowadzone przez firm\u0119 Lockheed-California na stanowisku testowym w Palmdale, wykorzystywanym wcze\u015bniej do prac nad pasa\u017cerskim odrzutowcem Lockheed L-1011 Tri Star. Do sprawdzenia wytrzyma\u0142o\u015bci strukturalnej u\u017cyto zestawu si\u0142ownik\u00f3w hydraulicznych, stosuj\u0105c ci\u015bnienie do 210 kPa. Trzy pot\u0119\u017cne si\u0142owniki naciska\u0142y na cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 ogonow\u0105 orbitera, symuluj\u0105c obci\u0105\u017cenia wyst\u0119puj\u0105ce podczas pracy g\u0142\u00f3wnych silnik\u00f3w. Imitowano r\u00f3wnie\u017c ogrzewanie pojazdu podczas wznoszenia w atmosfer\u0119 za pomoc\u0105 elektrycznych koc\u00f3w grzewczych, a tak\u017ce ch\u0142odzenie cz\u0119\u015bci pojazdu w cieniu podczas lotu orbitalnego poprzez przedmuchiwanie konstrukcji rozpr\u0119\u017caj\u0105cym si\u0119 azotem. Przeprowadzono badania deformacji wynikaj\u0105cych z nier\u00f3wnomiernego nagrzewania si\u0119 r\u00f3\u017cnych cz\u0119\u015bci orbitera. Po zako\u0144czeniu test\u00f3w prototyp STA-099, kt\u00f3ry stanowi\u0142 szkielet strukturalny normalnego orbitera bez wyposa\u017cenia, zosta\u0142 przekazany firmie Rockwell z zamiarem jego przebudowy. Otrzyma\u0142 on oznaczenie OV-099.<\/p>

Pierwszy lot odby\u0142 si\u0119 4 kwietnia 1983 roku (misja STS-6). Przed katastrof\u0105 Challenger wykona\u0142 9 udanych misji, przenosz\u0105c m.in. satelity i laboratorium Spacelab.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Tragiczna misja STS-51-L<\/b> Start mia\u0142 miejsce 28 stycznia 1986 roku o godzinie 16:39 UTC. Celem by\u0142o umieszczenie satelity TDRS-B. W 73. sekundzie lotu, na wysoko\u015bci oko\u0142o 14 km, wahad\u0142owiec eksplodowa\u0142. Bezpo\u015bredni\u0105 przyczyn\u0105 katastrofy by\u0142a awaria uszczelki O-ring w prawym Solid Rocket Booster (SRB). Uszczelka zawiod\u0142a z powodu niskiej temperatury podczas startu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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W wyniku eksplozji zgin\u0119\u0142a 7-osobowa za\u0142oga: Francis Scobee (dow\u00f3dca), Michael Smith (pilot), Ellison Onizuka, Judith Resnik, Ronald McNair, Christa McAuliffe (nauczycielka), Gregory Jarvis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Powo\u0142ano Komisj\u0119 Rogersa, kt\u00f3ra ujawni\u0142a b\u0142\u0119dy w zarz\u0105dzaniu NASA i presj\u0119 czasu. Nast\u0105pi\u0142a 32-miesi\u0119czna przerwa w programie prom\u00f3w kosmicznych.<\/p>

Challenger by\u0142 pierwszym wahad\u0142owcem utraconym w katastrofie, kt\u00f3ra sta\u0142a si\u0119 jednym z najtragiczniejszych wydarze\u0144 w historii ameryka\u0144skiego programu kosmicznego.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/span>Promy kosmiczne<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Challenger (designation \u2013 STA-099, OV-099) \u2013 the second space shuttle of the American STS Program. The first flight took place on April 4, 1983, during the mission designated STS-6. 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